The GI Tag's Role in Bihar's Makhana Success- Journey from Local Excellence to Global Recognition

Makhana is swiftly gaining acclaim worldwide.  Bihar, the leading makhana producer, has undertaken strategic measures to expand and increase farmer involvement in its cultivation. This article explores Bihar's pivotal role in the makhana production scene and the progressive initiatives transforming its agricultural domain.

Bihar's Dominance in Makhana Production

Claiming a staggering 80% share, Bihar stands as the unrivaled makhana production hub in India. This esteemed crop flourishes predominantly across ten districts, namely-  Darbhanga, Sitamarhi, Madhubani, Purnia, Saharsa, Katihar, Supaul, Madhepura, Araria, and Kishanganj. Impressively, makhana cultivation in Bihar is continuously expanding. Farmers are increasingly gravitating toward this crop, attracted by its nearly double profit per acre when compared to staples like paddy or other conventional crops.

Geographical Indication (GI) Tag to Makhana Cultivation

Bihar's makhana sector arrived with the 'Mithila Makhana' receiving the revered Geographical Indication (GI) tag on August 16th last year. This acknowledgment goes beyond boundaries, ensuring equitable profits for farmers and enhancing the product's reputation in international markets.

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Bihar's Agricultural Department Initiatives

Bihar's agricultural department is invigorating makhana production, encompassing every facet from pre-production to post-production. A notable stride comes in the form of the Makhana Vikas Yojana, fostering farmer participation.

Collaborations with esteemed institutions like Bhola Paswan Shastri Agriculture College and the National Research Centre for Makhana elevate seed production of high-yield varieties, subsequently disseminated to farmers. Demonstrations spotlighting optimal makhana cultivation techniques are conducted directly in fields or ponds. Furthermore, the establishment of a Makhana Centre of Excellence in Purnia district is underway.

Storage Challenges

Storage is a continuous issue due to space and dryness needs. This is especially tough for small farmers. To help, special airtight bags are used, ensuring safe storage for more than six months. Plans are also underway to build storage places in makhana-rich areas, giving relief to farmers.

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Makhana's Global Reach and Local Markets

Bihar's makhana cultivation extends well beyond its borders, transcending boundaries to countries like the UAE, Nepal, the US,  Canada, and Australia. The annual export of nearly 200 metric tonnes predominantly features Bihar's contribution, standing at an impressive 85%.

Bihar exemplifies the potential of agricultural innovation and government support. The collaborative efforts of Bihar's agricultural department, along with strategic initiatives underline the commitment to farmer welfare and sustainable growth.

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