How Does Tractor Hydraulic System Works? Hydraulic System Components and Types

The hydraulic system plays a vital role in the efficient functioning of agricultural operations on tractors. By utilizing hydraulic power, this system enables the smooth operation of various implements like loaders, backhoes, and tillers. Familiarizing oneself with how the tractor hydraulic system works is crucial for farmers and operators alike. In this article, we will explore the components, types, and functionality of the hydraulic system in tractors.

Components of the Hydraulic System:

The hydraulic system in tractors comprises several key components, each with a specific role to play. These include:

1. Hydraulic Pump:

The hydraulic pump is responsible for generating fluid pressure within the system. Tractors employ various types of hydraulic pumps, such as gear pumps, plunger pumps, vane pumps, and screw pumps. Among them, gear pumps are widely used due to their ability to handle larger oil volumes. Typically, the oil pressure in the pump ranges from 150 to 200 kg/cm².

3. Hydraulic Cylinder:

Also known as a ram cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder is a larger-sized cylinder equipped with a piston and connecting rod. Its primary function is to transfer power from the piston to the lifting arms. As the piston moves within the hydraulic cylinder, it enables the reciprocating motion necessary for raising and lowering the lifting arms. Hydraulic pressure is utilized to raise the arms, while their lowering is influenced by gravity.

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3. Hydraulic Tank:

The hydraulic tank serves as a storage container for hydraulic oil within the system. Certain tractors employ a dual-purpose arrangement where the transmission chamber serves as the hydraulic tank, utilizing a shared oil for both the transmission and hydraulic systems. However, other tractors feature a separate tank exclusively for hydraulic oil.

4. Control Valve:

The control valve is a specialized valve that regulates the movement of hydraulic oil, providing precise control over the direction, magnitude, and speed of the lifting operation. The control valve serves three primary functions: altering the lifting direction, adjusting the lifting power, and modifying the lifting speed.

Functionality of the Hydraulic System:

The tractor hydraulic system operates on the principle of fluid pressure. Here's a brief overview of how it works:

1. Hydraulic Pump Operation:

The hydraulic pump extracts oil from the reservoir and transmits it to the control valve at high pressure. The appropriate gears are interconnected with the engine to power the hydraulic pump.

2. Control Valve Regulation:

The control valve receives pressurized oil from the pump and directs it to the hydraulic cylinder. By manipulating the control valve, operators can control the desired direction, magnitude, and speed of the lifting operation.

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3. Hydraulic Cylinder Activation:

Upon receiving pressurized oil from the control valve, the hydraulic cylinder's piston is activated, transmitting power to the lifting arms. This activation results in the elevation of the lifting arms, allowing for the smooth operation of various implements attached to them.

Advantages of the Hydraulic System in Tractors:

1. Compact and powerful design facilitates efficient operation.

2. Effective prevention of overloading, ensuring equipment and operator safety.

3. Continuous speed adjustment enables enhanced productivity.

4. Remote control capabilities offer convenience and ease of operation.

Disadvantages of the Hydraulic System in Tractors:

1. Challenges in pipe connection can pose difficulties during maintenance.

2. Occasional oil leakage issues may require prompt attention.

3. High power consumption demands adequate power supply.

4. The system's performance may be affected by high temperatures, necessitating proper cooling measures.

The hydraulic system in tractors is an essential component that empowers various agricultural operations. Understanding its components, functionality, and advantages and disadvantages is crucial for farmers and operators to maximize productivity and ensure efficient machinery operation. By harnessing the power of hydraulic systems, tractors can effectively carry out a wide range of tasks, contributing to the growth and success of modern agriculture.

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